Peat moss
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Peat moss, or simply peat, is dead fibrous material primarily from mosses as well as other organic material. This material anaerobically decomposed in a peat bog, a type of wetland composed largely of living and decaying Sphagnum moss. The peat moss is harvested as a fuel source and soil amendment to improve its ability to hold water and to keep it friable.[1][2]
A peat bog adds about one foot in depth every 300 years and is not considered a renewable resource.[1] The material was originally part of the soil recipe in square foot gardens, but can be substituted with an equal volume of coconut coir[2]